SPECIALIZED MALWARE FOR OPERATIONAL TECHNOLOGY AND STRATEGIC COMPETITION IN CYBERSPACE

Abstract

The article provides an overview of the evolution of specialized malware targeting operational technologies (OT) and industrial control systems (ICS) and analyzes its significance in the context of strategic competition in cyberspace. Stuxnet, Industroyer, Triton/Trisis, Industroyer2, Pipedream/Incontroller, and FrostyGoop are examined as successive stages in the transition from the compromise of information systems to targeted effects on physical processes.