INTEGRATED TECHNICAL ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL SAFETY AND FIRE PROTECTION MEASURES FOR PRESSURE VESSELS OPERATION

Abstract

The paper examines the integrated engineering protection and occupational safety of pressure vessels subjected to thermal stress from external jet fires. The scientific study is based on a deterministic approach and expert normative analysis of technical and organizational safety barriers, drawing on real-world industrial case studies. A scientific hypothesis is formulated according to which the risk of catastrophic failure (BLEVE) can be significantly reduced through preventive management of thermal exposure and the coordinated operation of active protection systems. The vulnerability of structural steel in the upper “dry zone” of the vessel and the importance of limiting the shell temperature to prevent the development of plastic deformation are analyzed. The reliability of pressure relief valves (PRV) and the effectiveness of automated water deluge systems are considered as interconnected elements of the engineering protection system. The model also integrates external environmental factors, such as the impact of groundwater and landslide processes on foundation stability. In conclusion, practical algorithms for personnel evacuation and requirements for personal protective equipment (PPE) are proposed, ensuring the safety of both the industrial site and the emergency rescue crews.