SAFETY ENGINEERING IN THE EXECUTION OF CONSTRUCTION EXCAVATIONS

Abstract

The present study examines the main risks associated with the execution of construction excavations and the necessity of applying effective technical and organizational safety measures. The engineering and regulatory requirements related to slope stability, the influence of groundwater, and external loads acting on the soil mass are analyzed. The main factors leading to loss of stability and the occurrence of аварийни situations are identified. An engineering scheme of a supported excavation is presented, together with the analysis of a real accident caused by insufficient shoring and failure to comply with safety requirements. Based on the performed analysis, the main technical and organizational measures for risk reduction and improvement of safety during excavation works are formulated.